Order: for every 100 ml of urine output, replace with 40 ml of water via peg tube q4h. the client's urine output is 500 ml. what is the replacement volume?

200 ml  
Since the order is for 40 ml of replacement for every 100 ml of output, simply divide the urine output by 100 and multiply the result by 40 to get the replacement volume. So 
(500 ml/ 100 ml) * 40 ml = 5 * 40 ml = 200 ml

Then it is june the conclusion to the second sentence is just restating "if it is june then it is summer"

Distillation.  distillation is the correct answer.