Which best describes how ocean ridges form? a. decaying materials filter from above, creating ridges. b. corals grow on a submerged rim, forming circular ridges above the water. c. the flat action of the water shears off the top of a seamount, creating a ridge. d. pressure from lava being pushed up from the earth adds new material to the ocean floor, creating a ridge.

D.  Pressure from lava being pushed up from the Earth adds new material to the ocean floor, creating a ridge.

Explanation:

An oceanic ridge is a mountain range found underwater that is formed by the plate tectonics. Thus results due to the convection currents that involve the rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust. The magma deposit at the place where the two plates diverge that is a divergent boundary.

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.

flooding wildfire landslides climate change the factors listed have an immediate effect on the animal populations found in any habitat. the four factors would lead to a death. b emigration. eliminate c immigration. d mutations.