Waste soil and rock removed during surface mining is called

Astudent is working on an experiment to study the cooling curve of water. during the experiment, a beaker containing hot water falls to the floor and is shattered. the student’s immediate response should be to

The many volcanoes located along the edge of the pacific ocean make up the ring of fire. how does subduction play a role in the volcanic activity in the ring of fire?

Ineed to know why d is the correct answer asap