Anurse researcher developed a new scale to measure cigarette dependence and calculates the correlation between scale scores and a gold standard, salivary cotinine levels. what type of validity is being assessed?

This is a question from florida national university nursing program  the options of question were 
A. Construct validity B. Face validity C. Content validity D. Criterion validity
 By looking at options as well s question we know salivary cotinine levels is not tested for validating outer appearances like face or construct and gold standard is not a standard for content validity so eliminating other options we are left with opton  
D. Criterion validity which is the correct answer

Where are the following

When scientist examine data such as historical documents, they are using the "scientific methods"