Mariah has brain damage in the left frontal lobe of her brain. when she tries to speak, she struggles to produce words and is unable to say them correctly. mariah has damage to: a. broca's area. b. wernicke's area. c. occam's area. d. morton's area.

The correct answer is Broca's area. This is because Broca's area is the part in the cerebral cortex, specifically in the temporal lobe (not in the frontal lobe), and is responsible for producing language. Damage in the Broca's area will render the patient unable to speak words correctly and this is called expressive aphasia. The Wenicke's area on the other hand is also located in the temporal lobe and is responsible for interpreting language. Damage in the Wernicke's area will make all words to the patient non-understandable even when he can hear the words correctly and this is called receptive aphasia. Occam's area and Morton's area are not parts of the brain and does not exist.

Nice to know: There is a nerve tract that connects Broca's area to Wernicke's area called the arcuate fasciculus. Damage to the arcuate fasciculus will render the patient unable to repeat words. 

Environmental science studies the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment, including their effects on all types of organisms. earth science (also known as geoscience), is an inclusive term for all sciences related to earth (geology, meteorology, oceanogr maphy, etc).  although environmental and earth science cover essentially the same material, environmental science places greater emphasis on the biological realm, while earth science places greater emphasis on the physical realm.    environmental and earth science study the interactions of four major systems or “spheres” (figure 8.6).  the  geosphere  consists of the core, mantle and crust of the earth.the  atmosphere  contains all of the earth’s air and is divided into troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere.the  hydrosphere  contains all of the solid, liquid and gaseous water on earth, extending from the depths of the sea to the upper reaches of the troposphere where water is found.  ninety-seven percent of the hydrosphere is found in salty oceans, and the remainder is found as vapor or droplets in the atmosphere and as liquid in ground water, lakes, rivers, glaciers and snowfields.  the  biosphere  is the collection of all earth’s life forms, distributed in major life zones known as biomes:   tundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest, temperate grassland, desert, savannah, tropical rainforest, chaparral, freshwater, and marine.although the four systems have their unique identities, there is substantial interaction between them.  environmental scientists study the effects of events in one sphere on the other spheres. for example, a volcanic eruption in the geosphere may cause profound direct and indirect effects on the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere as follows: example 1 (volcano)    on may 18, 1980, mount saint helens, in the state of washington, erupted.  this event altered the surrounding environment, and provided scientists with an opportunity to study the effects of volcanic eruptions on the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.  such studies are vital because volcanic eruptions will continue to occur, and will have increasing impact on humans as people continue to settle lands closer to dormant volcanoes. the following are but a few of the myriad of interactions resulting from a volcanic