Kersten, a 40-year-old woman, found it impossible to stop smoking and using alcohol during her pregnancy. these behaviors increase risk for:

Alcohol and smoking are risks factors for intrauterine growth restriction or IUGR. When the fetus is affected by IUGR because of these behaviors, the baby will be unusually small despite being born term; in other words, the infant will be classified as low birth weight infant or small for gestational age infant.

These are also risk factors for preterm delivery. Alcohol consumption is linked to developing fetal alcohol syndrome.