16. how do aerobic and anaerobic respiration differ?
• more energy is released from a glucose molecule during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.
• anaerobic respiration but not aerobic respiration occurs in human cells.
• anaerobic respiration requires oxygen while aerobic respiration does not.
• anaerobic respiration evolved first; aerobic respiration evolved after photosynthetic organisms began producing oxygen.
17. which of the following happens when a cell divides? (1 point)
• the cell’s volume increases.
• it becomes more difficult for the cell to get rid of wastes.
• each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s dna.
• it becomes more difficult for the cell to get enough oxygen and nutrients.
18. if a cell has four chromosomes, and goes through mitosis to produce identical daughter cells, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain?
• two chromosomes
• four chromosomes
• eight chromosomes
• sixteen chromosomes
unit 4: genetics
19. if purple flower color is dominant (p) and red flower color recessive (p), how many phenotypes are possible in offspring of homozygous purple crossed with homozygous red? pp x pp
• one
• two
• three
• four
20. in a breed of dogs, the bbee genotype = yellow fur color, the bbee genotype = black fur color, and bbee = brown fur color. which of the following terms describes this type of inheritance?
• codominance
• incomplete dominance
• multiple alleles
• polygenic
21. if t=tall, and t= short, how many different genotypes would tt x tt produce?
• two
• four
• eight
• sixteen
22. based on chargaff’s rule, the percentage of cytosine in the dna of the bacterium s. lutea in figure 12–3, should be around
• 26.6%
• 73.2%
• 36.6%
• 29.4%
23. dna makes a good molecule for storing information because
• its bases can be joined together in any order, like the letters of the alphabet can be strung to form different words
• each nucleotide within a dna strand can give a cell different information, and there are many nucleotides in every cell
• it can absorb ultraviolet light, so dna can protect cells from the damaging effects of this form of radiation
• it is a type of nucleic acid, and most acids are an important part of information storage within cells
24. x-ray diffraction data collected by rosalind franklin and maurice wilkins watson and crick solve the structure of dna. which aspect of the structure of dna did the data them solve?
• the double stranded nature of the helix and its dimensions
• the ratio of bases
• the presence of deoxyribose sugars
• the presence of hydrogen bonds between bases
25. which nucleotide (nitrogen base) in figure 13–1 tells you the nucleic acid is rna?
• guanine
• uracil
• cytosine
• adenine
26. there are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. which of the following is true?
• several different codons can specify the same amino acid.
• each codon specifies a different amino acid.
• some amino acids have no link to a codon.
• each amino acid is specified by only one codon.
27. what amino acid is specified by the codon of gcg, and will there
be a change if the codon is changed to gcc?
(figure 13-3 – use either the table or the circle to find the amino acid of each codon)
• the amino acid ala is not changed.
• the amino acid ala is changed to arg.
• the amino acid arg is changed to ala.
• the amino acid arg is not changed.
28. which is the correct sequence in the process of transcription
and translation?
• protein to dna to rna
• rna to dna to protein
• dna to rna to protein
• rna to protein to dna
29. for the pedigree in figure 14–6, shaded symbols represent affected people. males are squares; women are circles.
if the trait is a sex-linked trait carried on the x chromosome, what is true about the mother represented by circle 1?
• she has two alleles for the disorder.
• she has one allele for the disorder.
• she has no alleles for the disorder.
• she has the genotype xxy.
30. which protein creates dna fragments with sticky ends?
• dna polymerase
• dna ligase
• restriction enzyme
• lysozyme

The correct answer is D.

D. Anaerobic respiration evolved first; aerobic respiration evolved after photosynthetic organisms began producing oxygen.  

Aerobic respiration take place in the mitochondria and requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not. Anaerobic respiration evolved first and aerobic respiration evolved after photosynthetic organisms began producing oxygen.  

The correct answer is C.

C. Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA.

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Each time when a cell divides each daughter cell receives a copy of the parent cell's DNA.

The correct answer is B.

B. four chromosomes

Mitosis is the type of cell division in which one parent cell divide into the daughter cells; each containing the same number of chromosome as parent cell. So if a cell has four chromosomes, and goes through mitosis to produce identical daughter cells so it will have four chromosomes.

The correct answer is A.

A. one

If a purple flower color is dominant (P) and red flower color recessive (p), the possible offspring of homozygous purple crossed with homozygous red (PP x pp) will be "Pp" and the only phenotype the purple colored flowers.

The correct answer is D.

D. polygenic

Polygenic is the phenomenon in which a trait is being control by more than two genes. So, in this case the fur color of dog is controlled by not only two genes but some other genes also influence it, so this is example of polygenic inheritance.

The correct option is A.

A. two

If T=tall, and t= short would be crossed Tt x tt, it will produce only two different genotypes. i.e. "Tt" and "tt". With reference to Mendel laws.

The correct answer is C.

C: 36.6%

According to the Chargaff's rule the percentage of cytosine in the DNA of the bacterium S. Lutea in Figure 12–3, should be around 36.6.

The correct option is B.

B. each nucleotide within a DNA strand can give a cell different information, and there are many nucleotides in every cell

DNA makes a good molecule for storing information because each nucleotide within a DNA strand can give a cell different information, and there are many nucleotides in every cell.

The correct option is A.

A. the double stranded nature of the helix and its dimensions

X-ray diffraction data collected by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins helped Watson and Crick solve the structure of DNA. This data help them to know about the double stranded nature of the helix and its dimensions of the DNA.

The correct answer is B.

B. uracil

All of the nitrogen bases of DNA and RNA are the same except Uracil. Uracil is only present in RNA and absent in DNA.

The correct answer is A.

A. Several different codons can specify the same amino acid.

As there are 64 codons and 20 amino acids so it means that several codons can specify the same amino acid or one amino acid can be coded by more than one codons.

GCG codes for amino acid "alanine" and if we change it to GCC even then it will code for alanine.

so the correct option is A.

A. The amino acid ala is not changed.

The correct answer is C.

C. DNA to RNA to protein

This is called the central dogma of life in which firstly DNA is transcribed into RNA and then RNA is translated into protein.

As no figure is given so I am unable to answer this correctly. If the disorder is sex linked trait carried on the X chromosome. So if mother has two alleles it means she has disorder and if she has only one allele of disease. she can be a carrier for that disorder.

The correct answer is C.  

C. restriction enzyme

Restriction enzymes are the endonucleases that are used to cut the DNA segments. Restriction enzymes can made sticky ends or blunt ends. They are widely used in recombinant DNA technology.

because of

a fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.[1] the age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years.[2] fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include petroleum, coal, and natural gas.[3] other commonly used derivatives include kerosene and propane. fossil fuels range from volatile materials with low carbon to hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquids like petroleum, to nonvolatile materials composed of almost pure carbon, like anthracite coal. methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields either alone, associated with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates.

the theory that fossil fuels formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over millions of years was first introduced by andreas libavius "in his 1597 alchemia [alchymia]" and later by mikhail lomonosov "as early as 1757 and certainly by 1763".[4] the first use of the term "fossil fuel" was by the german chemist caspar neumann, in english translation in 1759.[5]

in 2017 the world's primary energy sources consisted of petroleum (34%), coal (28%), natural gas (23%), amounting to an 85% share for fossil fuels in primary energy consumption in the world.[6] non-fossil sources in 2006 included nuclear (8.5%), hydroelectric (6.3%), and others (geothermal, solar, tidal, wind, wood, waste) amounting to 0.9%.[7] world energy consumption was growing at about 2.3% per year. in 2015 about 18% of worldwide consumption was from renewable sources.[8]