Which of the following observations of children is the most objective? a. joan was playing with blocks, building a structure, when missy joined her. joan looked afraid because missy was much larger than she. but she eventually overcame her fear and let missy play with the blocks. b. eddie went to the shelf and chose a teddy bear to play with. he took a plastic spoon and bowl and repeatedly moved the spoon from the bowl to the bear's mouth. c. when ann finished drawing with crayons, she put them back in the box and returned the box to the shelf, whereas sue, obviously less disciplined, left hers scattered on the table. d. chris took a toy truck from alex. alex cried, became angry because chris took the truck, and then stamped his feet on the floor. he snatched the truck back from chris, and ran to the caregiver.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.