Plant needles are probably initially the result of a) adaptations for survival that some plants developed due to high temperatures on earth. b) somatic mutations that made some leaves thick and waxy, while other leaves did not change. c) neutral mutations to leaf tissue that would neither nor harm the plants living in such a harsh environment. d) a beneficial mutation that increased survival of certain plants that reproduced and passed the mutated gene to offspring.

tsd is temerature dependent sex determination.

tsd: it is a type of environmental sex determination in which the temperature experienced during embryonic/ larval development (ambient temperature for development) determine the sex of the offspring.

crocodile displays the tsd where the ambient temperature of the developing egg determines the individual's sex. for example in the american alligator's eggs, incubation at 33 ºc produces mostly males, while incubation at 30 ºc produces mostly females. so if the american alligator's egg will get the ambient temperature (33 degree celcius)during embryonic development from egg, the offspring will be male and same for the female sex determination.