Gene expression—translation how do cells synthesize polypeptides and convert them to functional proteins?

The language of DNA in form of nitrogen bases read in a set of three termed as codons and it is being translated as language of proteins.

First mRNA is read according to the genetic code which can relate the amino acid sequence to proteins. mRNA can be use as the template to assemble in order the chain of amino acid. Translation starts when the mRNA is decoded and the sequence is elongated  until creating an amino acid sequence. Once the stop codon is reached, translation will be stopped and ribosome will release the polypeptide.

Homologous chromosomes with heterozygous alleles d) heterozygous chromosomes with homozygous alleles