Why are the results of genetic crosses shown in punnett squares interpreted as probabilities, not certainties? give some specific reasons?

The explanation of the fact that the distribution is a probability and not a certainty is that it is a phenomenon that is not matrisable due to the random crossing of individuals (panmixia) and gametes of two given individuals (pangamia).

Panmixia (random crossings between individuals) covers:

* Equiprobability of gametes: "pangamia" (panmixia of gametes)

* Gamete encounter at random or random formation of couples (Panmixia)

* Random segregation of gametes during meiosis

In other words, it is considered that there is no pre-zygotic selection, the gametes of all the individuals of the generation considered being pooled. The formation of the next generation is therefore the product of a random draw in this gametic pool.

step 1 ammonium can be absorbed by plants, but some is converted into nitrates which are better for plants to absorb. this is called nitrification. 2. step 2 the deer eats the plants and uses the nitrogen-containing proteins for cell growth. 3. step 3 bacteria in the soil conduct nitrogen fixation to convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into ammonium. 4. step 4 some of the nitrates are absorbed back into plants, but denitrification breaks down the nitrates into nitrogen gas released back into the atmosphere. 5. step 5 nitrogen is found in the urine, which gets broken down into ammonium through the process of ammonification. 6. step 6 plants absorb the ammonium and begin assimilation, the process to add the nitrogen to protein.