Jane filled one transparent bottle and one brown bottle of the same capacity with pond water. she kept the first bottle in sunlight and the second in dark. after one hour she calculated the amount of oxygen present in both the bottles. what will be her observation? in the transparent bottle, the algae and small plants present in the pond water utilize oxygen for photosynthesis. in the brown bottle, due to darkness they cannot utilize oxygen dissolved in the water. therefore, oxygen in the transparent bottle is lesser than that in the brown bottle. in both the bottles the algae and small plants present in the pond water carry out photosynthesis. therefore, the amount of oxygen in both the bottles remains the same. in the transparent bottle, the algae and small plants present in the pond water release oxygen during photosynthesis, while in the dark bottle, photosynthesis doesn’t occur due to darkness. therefore, oxygen in the transparent bottle is more than that in the dark bottle.

transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

a few examples of ethical concerns involving genetically engineering of humans include

-privacy of genetically tested people

- potential side effects

-long term effects