One reason it's dangerous to assume your vehicle can sustain a little damage is: a. any damage will obstruct your view of the road ahead b. even small problems can cost over $10,000 to repair c. minor damage somewhere may cause a malfunction somewhere else

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.

Which of the following types of reactions would decrease the entropy within a cell? a. dehydration reaction, b. hydrolysis, c. respiration, d. digestion, e. catabolism.

Cells must be in osmotic equilibrium with their surroundings environments because if they swell or shrink thier membranes will rupture