Acondition in which there is too much blood or mucus on one of the parts of the body

This condition is Congestion. 
Mostly we have lymphatic congestion; lympatic system is a drainage network of fluid, organs and vessels that is responsible for the removal of cellular debris, large proteins, foreign bodies, pathogenic agents and excess fluid from the extracellular spaces. Lymphatic congestion is a condition in which lympatic system fails to drain properly, allowing toxins and cellular waste products to accumulate in the body.

The 3 steps are vasoconstriction, temporary blockage of a platelet plug, formation of a fibrin clot better known as coagulation.

Air enters through the nose (and sometimes the mouth), moves through the nasal cavity, the  pharynx, the  larynx, enters the  trachea, moves through the  bronchi  andbronchioles  till the alveoli.