In the world of biotechnology and genetic engineering, what is a vector? a) a vector is a type of enzyme made by viruses, used to cut and splice dna fragments. b) a vector is a plasmid or virus used to move foreign genes into desired host cells. c) a vector is a type of gel used to move and separate dna fragments for dna fingerprints. d) a vector is a plasmid or virus used to perform the polymerase chain reaction and make copies of dna.

Bisphenol a (often called bpa) is a chemical found in products that people use every day, from water bottles to food containers to children's toys. unfortunately, bpa leaches out of its many products and makes its way into our bodies. what are the health effects of bpa exposure? ongoing research is finding that elevated exposure to bpa can affect a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes, but one of the first studies of bpa's health effects came about because of a simple mistake in the lab. at a laboratory at case western reserve university in 1998, geneticist patricia hunt was making a routine check of her female lab mice. as she extracted and examined developing eggs from the ovaries, she began to wonder what had gone wrong. she noticed that many of the eggs showed problems with their chromosomes, and some had irregular amounts of genetic material, which can lead to miscarriages and birth defects in mammals. she learned that a lab assistant had mistakenly washed the plastic mouse cages and water bottles with a harsh soap, releasing bpa from the plastic. knowing that bpa is an endocrine disruptor, a chemical that can enter organisms and mimic hormones, hunt set out to discover whether it had adversely affected her mice.

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Which description provides the best objective summary of the article in the passage?