Which of the following statements regarding nonspecific immune responses is correct? a. a nonspecific immune response is the body's first line of defense against invaders. b. the influenza vaccine provides immunity by triggering nonspecific immune responses. c. nonspecific immune responses involve the use of b and t lymphocytes. d. all of these

i believe it would cause an increase of percipitation, though i could be wrong. so i would say b is the answer.

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.