Devin, a junior sales coordinator, is resigning from his job. he writes an email to the top-level officials of his company and expresses his gratitude toward them for providing him with a fulfilling on-the-job experience. in this case, devin is engaging in select one: a. horizontal communication b. upward communication c. informal communication d. downward communication

Consider two similar industries, portal crane manufacturing (pcm) and forklift manufacturing (flm). the pcm industry has exactly three incumbents with annual sales of $800 million, $200 million and $100 million, respectively. the flm industry has also exactly three incumbents, with annual sales of $500 million, $450 million and $400 million, respectively. which industry is more likely to experience a higher level of rivalry?