Organizational development a. takes a short-range approach to change b. creates change by coercing workers and managers to change ideas, beliefs, and behaviors c. assumes that top management support is only optional for change d. emphasizes employee participation in diagnosing, solving, and evaluating problems e. emphasizes resistance forces

You wish to retire in 13 years, at which time you want to have accumulated enough money to receive an annual annuity of $23,000 for 18 years after retirement. during the period before retirement you can earn 9 percent annually, while after retirement you can earn 11 percent on your money. what annual contributions to the retirement fund will allow you to receive the $23,000 annuity? use appendix c and appendix d for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.