An investigator wanted to see whether packaging information affects the way teenagers rate the effectiveness of soap. the same soap was put in three packages: (a) a pink wrapper that says "for keeping your skin baby soft"; (b) a red wrapper that says "for eliminating acne"; and (c) a white wrapper that says nothing. each teenager was asked to rub his or her face with dirt and wash with soap a; the same procedure was followed for soaps b and then c. the time it took to get the face clean was recorded each time. what factors in addition to the intended independent variable might influence the results?

James jones is the owner of a small retail business operated as a sole proprietorship. during 2017, his business recorded the following items of income and expense: revenue from inventory sales $ 147,000 cost of goods sold 33,500 business license tax 2,400 rent on retail space 42,000 supplies 15,000 wages paid to employees 22,000 payroll taxes 1,700 utilities 3,600 compute taxable income attributable to the sole proprietorship by completing schedule c to be included in james’s 2017 form 1040. compute self-employment tax payable on the earnings of james’s sole proprietorship by completing a 2017 schedule se, form 1040. assume your answers to parts a and b are the same for 2018. further assume that james's business is not a service business, and that it has $155,000 unadjusted basis in tangible depreciable property. calculate james's 2018 section 199a deduction.