Which business model seeks to reduce distribution expenses? a. shopkeeper b. subscription c. bricks and clicks d. cutting out the middleman

It is "cutting out the middleman", which  seeks to reduce distribution expenses.

By avoiding the middleman, i.e. offering straightforwardly to you, the maker can list that equivalent item for, say $75 which because of a broker or retailer rises to at least 100 $, which it to appear is a lot of difference to the buyer, while in the meantime giving them significantly more benefit than they'd make selling to a store.

i mean they dont have to

answer; human resource management.(hrm);