What does it mean to do time analysis which is one of the principles referred to ?

Which term refers to the cost that motivates an economic decision

At the end of year 2, retained earnings for the baker company was $3,550. revenue earned by the company in year 2 was $3,800, expenses paid during the period were $2,000, and dividends paid during the period were $1,400. based on this information alone, retained earnings at the beginning of year 2 was:

Which of the following situations is most likely to change a buyer's market into a seller's market? a. a natural disaster that drives away a lot of the population. b. the price of building materials suddenly going up. c. the government buys up a lot of houses to build a new freeway. d. a factory laying off a lot of workers in the area.