Which area of economics focuses on the interaction between individual consumers and producers
a. aggregates
b. macroeconomics
c. microeconomics
d. markets

The cost of capital: introduction the cost of capital: introduction companies issue bonds, preferred stock, and common equity to aise capital to invest in capital budgeting projects. capital is』necessary factor of production and like any other factor, it has a cost. this cost is equal to the select the applicable security. the rates of return that investors require on bonds, preferred stocks, and common equity represent the costs of those securities to the firm. companies estimate the required returns on their securities, calculate a weighted average of the costs of their different types of capital, and use this average cost for capital budgeting purposes. required return on rate: when calculating om operations when the firm's primary financial objective is to select shareholder value. to do this, companies invest in projects that earnselect their cost of capital. so, the cost of capital is often referred to as the -select -select and accruals, which a se spontaneously we hted average cost of capital wa c our concern is with capital that must be provided by select- 쑤 interest-bearing debt preferred stock and common equity. capital budgeting projects are undertaken, are not included as part of total invested capital because they do not come directly from investors. which of the following would be included in the caculation of total invested capital? choose the response that is most correct a. notes payable b. taxes payable c retained earnings d. responses a and c would be included in the calculation of total invested capital. e. none of the above would be included in the cakulation of total invested capital.

A$100 million interest rate swap has a remaining life of 10 months. under the terms of the swap, the six-month libor is exchanged semi-annually for 12% per annum. the six-month libor rate in swaps of all maturities is currently 10% per annum with continuous compounding. the six-month libor rate was 9.6% per annum two months ago. what is the current value of the swap to the party paying floating? what is its value to the party paying fixed?

Ll companies has sales of $9,800, net income of $1,060, total assets of $8,950, and total debt of $4,760. assets and costs are proportional to sales. debt and equity are not. a dividend of $371 was paid, and the company wishes to maintain a constant payout ratio. next year's sales are projected to be $10,584. what is the amount of the external financing need?