Sally has recently joined a multimedia firm; and her manager, ellen, has asked her to develop an advertising campaign for a client. ellen considers sally to be inexperienced and constantly questions sally's suggestions for the campaign. at times, she rejects sally's proposals even without hearing her out. this barrier of communication between sally and ellen is most likely a result of:

A lack of credibility. Sally hasn't built up a credible work history because she is new too the team and doesn't show understanding because she asks too many questions, so Ellen shows a lack of trust in her abilities.

cognitive overload: having a lot on your mind impairs decision-making and tends to result in the simplest, but not necessarily best, option being selected.

empathy gaps: overlooking how you might feel in a different situation can result in unnecessary purchases, such as overbuying when shopping for food on an empty stomach.

optimism and overconfidence: wearing rose-tinted glasses and having unrealistic expectations about the future can affect money management and leave you unprepared for a change in circumstance.

instant gratification: seeking instant gratification drives impulsive spending and can undermine long-term planning and savings.

harmful habits: automatic or mindless behaviour can amplify a poor financial decision as it becomes a recurring event.

social norms: we are heavily influenced by the actions of others; while this can be in certain circumstances, it also contributes to the pressure to keep up with the joneses through conspicuous consumption.

the page presents four different kinds of threats that volcanoes pose and what to do before, during, and after an eruption.