Sometimes budget amounts are arrived at by copying the previous year’s amounts and maybe adjusting them by some percentage, under the assumption that if the money was spent last year, it will be needed again this year. if the leadership of an organization instead wants to see a justification of every budget expenditure, then which approach would be best? bottom-up budgetingzero-based budgetingtop-down budgetingto know whether the company can meet payroll at the end of the week, managers look at? (the capital budget, the expense budget, the revenue budget, the cash budget) , which documents daily or weekly cash inflow and outflow.

Which of the following best describes why you need to establish goals for your program?

Marta communications, inc. has provided incomplete financial statements for the month ended march 31. the controller has asked you to calculate the missing amounts in the incomplete financial statements. use the information included in the excel simulation and the excel functions described below to complete the task

You are the manager of a large crude-oil refinery. as part of the refining process, a certain heat exchanger (operated at high temperatures and with abrasive material flowing through it) must be replaced every year. the replacement and downtime cost in the first year is $165 comma 000. this cost is expected to increase due to inflation at a rate of 7% per year for six years (i.e. until the eoy 7), at which time this particular heat exchanger will no longer be needed. if the company's cost of capital is 15% per year, how much could you afford to spend for a higher quality heat exchanger so that these annual replacement and downtime costs could be eliminated?