Pierre, a cash basis, unmarried taxpayer, had $1,400 of state income tax withheld during 2018. also in 2018, pierre paid $455 that was due when he filed his 2017 state income tax return and made estimated payments of $975 towards his 2018 state income tax liability. when pierre files his 2018 federal income tax return in april 2019, he elects to itemize deductions, which amount to $15,650, including the $2,830 of state income tax payments and withholdings, all of which reduce his taxable income. as a result of overpaying his 2018 state income tax, pierre receives a refund of $630 early in 2019. the standard deduction for single taxpayers for 2018 was $12,000. how much of the $630 will pierre include in his 2019 gross income?

Suppose that each country completely specializes in the production of the good in which it has a comparative advantage, producing only that good. in this case, the country that produces jeans will produce 32 million pairs per month, and the country that produces corn will produce 32 million bushels per month.

You've arrived at the pecan shellers conference—your first networking opportunity. naturally, you're feeling nervous, but to avoid seeming insecure or uncertain, you've decided to a. speak a little louder than you would normally. b. talk on your cell phone as you walk around. c. hold an empowered image of yourself in your mind. d. square your shoulders before entering the room.

The new york times (nov. 30, 1993) reported that “the inability of opec to agree last week to cut production has sent the oil market into turmoil . . [leading to] the lowest price for domestic crude oil since june 1990.” why were the members of opec trying to agree to cut production? so they could save more oil for future consumption so they could lower the price so they could raise the price why do you suppose opec was unable to agree on cutting production? because each country has a different production capacity because each country experiences different production costs because each country has an incentive to cheat on any agreement the newspaper also noted opec’s view “that producing nations outside the organization, like norway and britain, should do their share and cut production.” what does the phrase “do their share” suggest about opec’s desired relationship with norway and britain? opec would like norway and britain to keep their production levels high. opec would like norway and britain to act competitively. opec would like norway and britain to join the cartel.