A. assume that you just $30 million in the texas lottery, and hence the state will pay you 20 annual payments of $1.5 million at the end of each year. if the rate of return on securities of similar risk to the lottery earning (e. g., the rate on 20-year u. s. treasury bonds) is 5%, what is the present value of your winnings? - option 1: a lump sum payment of $30 million up front - option 2: 20 annual payments of $1.5 million b. considering this, which option should you take? explain your answer.

How does your household gain from specialization and comparative advantage? (what is produced, what is not produced yet paid to a specialist to produce? )

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Why is accountability important in managing safety