Dwk foods [fictional company] has developed a line of cookies and candies sweetened exclusively with organic honey. although dwk is selling some of the products over the internet, in order to gain economies of scale the products must be sold in retail outlets as well. the main barrier to entry dwk is likely to encounter here is: a. government licensing and permits. b. access to distribution channels. c. consumers’ switching costs. d. cost disadvantages independent of scale.

Examine the following book-value balance sheet for university products inc. the preferred stock currently sells for $30 per share and pays a dividend of $3 a share. the common stock sells for $16 per share and has a beta of 0.9. there are 2 million common shares outstanding. the market risk premium is 9%, the risk-free rate is 5%, and the firm’s tax rate is 40%. book-value balance sheet (figures in $ millions) assets liabilities and net worth cash and short-term securities $ 2.0 bonds, coupon = 6%, paid annually (maturity = 10 years, current yield to maturity = 8%) $ 5.0 accounts receivable 3.0 preferred stock (par value $15 per share) 3.0 inventories 7.0 common stock (par value $0.20) 0.4 plant and equipment 21.0 additional paid-in stockholders’ equity 13.6 retained earnings 11.0 total $ 33.0 total $ 33.0 a. what is the market debt-to-value ratio of the firm? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) b. what is university’s wacc? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)

At the end of year 2, retained earnings for the baker company was $3,550. revenue earned by the company in year 2 was $3,800, expenses paid during the period were $2,000, and dividends paid during the period were $1,400. based on this information alone, retained earnings at the beginning of year 2 was:

Your sister is thinking about starting a new business. the company would require $375,000 of assets, and it would be financed entirely with common stock. she will go forward only if she thinks the firm can provide a 13.5% return on the invested capital, which means that the firm must have an roe of 13.5%. how much net income must be expected to warrant starting the business? a. $41,234b. $43,405c. $45,689d. $48,094e. $50,625