Which of the following statements is false?
a. when a firm pays a dividend, shareholders are taxed according to the dividend tax rate. if the firm repurchases shares instead, and shareholders sell shares to create a homemade dividend, the homemade dividend will be taxed according to the capital gains tax rate.
b. when the tax rate on dividends exceeds the tax rate on capital gains, shareholders will pay lower taxes if a firm uses share repurchases for all payouts rather than dividends.
c. the optimal dividend policy when the dividend tax rate exceeds the capital gain tax rate is to pay no dividends at all.
d. firms that use dividends will have to pay a lower after-tax return to offer their investors the same pre-tax return as firms that use share repurchases.

Who is better at multi-tasking? in business, employees are often asked to perform a complex task when their atten-tion is divided (i.e., multi-tasking). human factors (may 2014) published a study designed to determine whether video game players are better than non–video game play-ers at multi-tasking. each in a sample of 60 college stu-dents was classified as a video game player or a non-player. participants entered a street crossing simulator and were asked to cross a busy street at an unsigned intersec-tion. the simulator was designed to have cars traveling at various high rates of speed in both directions. during the crossing, the students also performed a memory task as a distraction. two variables were measured for each student: (1) a street crossing performance score (measured out of 100 points) and (2) a memory task score (measured out of 20 points). the researchers found no differences in either the street crossing performance or memory task score of video game players and non-gamers. “these results,” say the researchers, “suggest that action video game players [and non-gamers] are equally susceptible to the costs of dividing attention in a complex task”

Alaska king crab fishing in the 1960s and '70s was a dangerous but rich fishery. boats from as far away as california and japan braved the treacherous gulf of alaska crossing to reach the abundant king crab beds in cook inlet and bristol bay. suddenly, in the early 1980s, the fishery crashed due to over fishing. all crabbing in those areas ended. to this day, there is no crabbing in bristol bay or cook inlet. a. how would an economist explain the decline of the alaska king crab fishery

In two or three sentences describe how open market operations change the money suppy