According to the text, a survey discloses that 31 percent of the respondents preferred the client's brand, while 30.8 percent preferred the closest competing brand. in such a case, it is perfectly fine to announce that the client's brand is the dominant brand. such a situation would be

Anew 2-lane road is needed in a part of town that is growing. at some point the road will need 4 lanes to handle the anticipated traffic. if the city's optimistic estimate of growth is used, the expansion will be needed in 4 years and has a probability of happening of 40%. for the most likely and pessimistic estimates, the expansion will be needed in 8 and 15 years respectively. the probability of the pessimistic estimate happening is 20%. the expansion will cost $ 4.2 million and the interest rate is 8%. what is the expected pw the expansion will cost?