historically, stocks have delivered a return on average compared to treasury bills but have experienced fluctuations in values.

Historically, stocks have delivered a higher return on average compared to Treasury bills but have experienced higher fluctuations in values.

Explanation:

Buying a share of stock means purchasing a share of ownership in a company but when you buy a Treasury bill, you are making a loan to the U.S. government. Due to the higher risk associated with stocks, they traditionally provide a much higher return than Treasury bills.

answer; (c) penalty

a manufacturer of printed circuit boards uses exponential smoothing with trend to forecast monthly demand of its product. at the end of december, the company wishes to forecast sales for january. the estimate of trend through november has been 200 additional boards sold per month. average sales have been around 1000 units per month. the demand for december was 1100 units. the company uses α = 0.20 and β = 0.10. make a forecast including trend for the month of january.