Which of the following is not a frequently used and dependable strategic approach to setting a company apart from its rivals, delivering superior material, achieving competitive advantage
a. striving to be the industry's low-cost provider, thereby aiming for a cost-based competitive advantage
b. outcompeting rivals on the basis of such differentiating features as higher quality, wider product
selection, added performance, better service, more attractive styling, technological superiority, or
unusually good value for the money
c. developing expertise and resource strengths that give the company competitive capabilities that rivals
can't easily imitate or trump with capabilities of their own
d. focusing on a narrow market niche and winning a competitive edge by doing a better job than rivals of
serving the special needs and tastes of buyers comprising the niche
e. all of these