All of the following are methods that aid management in analyzing the expected results of capital budgeting decisions except:
a. accrual accounting rate-of-return method
b. discounted cash-flow method
c. future-value cash-flow method
d. payback method

Classifying inflows and outflows of cash classify each of the following items as an inflow (i) or an outflow (o) of cash, or as neither (n). lg 2 lg 2 item change ($) item change ($) cash +100 accounts receivable −700 accounts payable −1,000 net profits +600 notes payable +500 depreciation +100 long-term debt −2,000 repurchase of stock +600 inventory +200 cash dividends +800 fixed assets +400 sale of stock +1,000

The following selected circumstances relate to pending lawsuits for erismus, inc. erismus’s fiscal year ends on december 31. financial statements are issued in march 2019. erismus prepares its financial statements according to u.s. gaap. required: indicate the amount erismus would record as an asset, liability, or not accrued in the following circumstances. 1. erismus is defending against a lawsuit. erismus's management believes the company has a slightly worse than 50/50 chance of eventually prevailing in court, and that if it loses, the judgment will be $1,000,000. 2. erismus is defending against a lawsuit. erismus's management believes it is probable that the company will lose in court. if it loses, management believes that damages could fall anywhere in the range of $2,000,000 to $4,000,000, with any damage in that range equally likely. 3. erismus is defending against a lawsuit. erismus's management believes it is probable that the company will lose in court. if it loses, management believes that damages will eventually be $5,000,000, with a present value of $3,500,000. 4. erismus is a plaintiff in a lawsuit. erismus's management believes it is probable that the company eventually will prevail in court, and that if it prevails, the judgment will be $1,000,000. 5. erismus is a plaintiff in a lawsuit. erismus’s management believes it is virtually certain that the company eventually will prevail in court, and that if it prevails, the judgment will be $500,000.

Rachel died in 2014 and her executor is finalizing her estate tax return. the executor has determined that rachel’s adjusted gross estate is $10,120,000 and that her estate is entitled to a charitable deduction in the amount of $500,000. using 2014 rates, calculate the estate tax liability for rachel’s estate.