Which of the following would be an example of a top down innovation? a. lowering prices and features of existing products to meet emerging market needs b. launching a product in and for emerging economies c. adopting an innovation first in emerging economies and then diffusing it around the world d. introducing products from emerging markets into developed markets

The correct is a. Lowering prices and features of existing products to meet emerging market needs

Explanation:

There is much enthusiasm among those who write about how to innovate, and among those who work in R & D & I environments, advocating that the bottom-up activity is the best for good results. Senior executives are not close enough to the action to be able to apply new ideas, so they need to push the responsibility for innovation down in the organization. However, there are few cases in which dramatic changes have arisen through bottom-up initiatives.

The bottom-up innovation will benefit the efforts of the high levels of employee engagement, the top-down innovation will benefit the efforts of direct alignment with the company's objectives. Smart companies use both approaches and are experts in helping innovation projects from the bottom up to get the sponsorship they need to survive.

being suspected of supplying drugs means you are much more likely to be charged. the amount of drugs found on you, and whether you have a criminal record, will be taken into account when a punishment is being decided.

decisions to prosecute are taken by the public prosecution service. the maximum sentences for intent to supply drugs are:

answer; yield to maturity;