Which of the following statements describes an element of process costing systems? a. total conversion costs include direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs included in beginning inventory and added to production during the period. b. the total units accounted for equals the sum of equivalent units in ending work in process and equivalent units completed and transferred out. c. direct material costs are traced to individual units of production. d. costs are accumulated by job. e. for current period calculations, the percentage of completion for units in beginning work in process is used to calculate equivalent units under the weighted average method.

Kinkead inc. forecasts that its free cash flow in the coming year, i.e., at t = 1, will be −$10 million, but its fcf at t = 2 will be $20 million. after year 2, fcf is expected to grow at a constant rate of 4% forever. if the weighted average cost of capital is 14%, what is the firm's value of operations, in millions?

Sheldon has the following year-end account balances: accounts receivable, $5,000; supplies, $12,000; equipment, $18,000; accounts payable, $17,000; stockholders’ equity, $43,000. the cash account balance was not available at year-end. given the account balances listed, the balance in the cash account should be?

5. profit maximization and shutting down in the short run suppose that the market for polos is a competitive market. the following graph shows the daily cost curves of a firm operating in this market. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 price (dollars per polo) quantity (thousands of polos) mc atc avc for each price in the following table, calculate the firm's optimal quantity of units to produce, and determine the profit or loss if it produces at that quantity, using the data from the previous graph to identify its total variable cost. assume that if the firm is indifferent between producing and shutting down, it will produce. (hint: you can select the purple points [diamond symbols] on the previous graph to see precise information on average variable cost.) price quantity total revenue fixed cost variable cost profit (dollars per polo) (polos) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) 12.50 135,000 27.50 135,000 45.00 135,000 if the firm shuts down, it must incur its fixed costs (fc) in the short run. in this case, the firm's fixed cost is $135,000 per day. in other words, if it shuts down, the firm would suffer losses of $135,000 per day until its fixed costs end (such as the expiration of a building lease). this firm's shutdown price—that is, the price below which it is optimal for the firm to shut down—is per polo.