An american manager in colombia routinely pays off the local drug lord to guarantee that his plant will not be bombed and that none of his employees will be kidnapped. the manager argues that such payments are ethically defensible because everyone is doing it in colombia in order to stay in business. the manager's argument exemplifies which of the following ethical approaches?
a. naive immoralist
b. kantian ethics
c. righteous moralist
d. noblesse oblige

Kubin company’s relevant range of production is 18,000 to 22,000 units. when it produces and sells 20,000 units, its average costs per unit are as follows: average cost per unit direct materials $ 7.00 direct labor $ 4.00 variable manufacturing overhead $ 1.50 fixed manufacturing overhead $ 5.00 fixed selling expense $ 3.50 fixed administrative expense $ 2.50 sales commissions $ 1.00 variable administrative expense $ 0.50 required: 1. for financial accounting purposes, what is the total amount of product costs incurred to make 20,000 units? 2. for financial accounting purposes, what is the total amount of period costs incurred to sell 20,000 units? 3. for financial accounting purposes, what is the total amount of product costs incurred to make 22,000 units? 4. for financial accounting purposes, what is the total amount of period costs incurred to sell 18,000 units?