Hammaker corp. began operations in 2016 and reported taxable net income of $10 million and $4 million in 2016 and 2017, respectively. in 2018, hammaker reports a net operating loss (nol) of $16 million, and elects to carry back that nol to the extent possible. the tax rate for the years 2016 through 2018 is 35%, but the enacted tax rate for 2019 and later years will be 40%. as part of year-end adjusting entries, what total tax benefit will hammaker record as a result of the 2018 nol?

(a) $5,700,000
(b) $4,900,000
(c) $6,400,000
(d) $5,600,000

Diversified semiconductors sells perishable electronic components. some must be shipped and stored in reusable protective containers. customers pay a deposit for each container received. the deposit is equal to the container’s cost. they receive a refund when the container is returned. during 2018, deposits collected on containers shipped were $856,000. deposits are forfeited if containers are not returned within 18 months. containers held by customers at january 1, 2018, represented deposits of $587,000. in 2018, $811,000 was refunded and deposits forfeited were $41,000. required: 1. prepare the appropriate journal entries for the deposits received and returned during 2018. 2. determine the liability for refundable deposits to be reported on the december 31, 2018, balance sheet.