Louis files as a single taxpayer. in april of this year he received a $1,440 refund of state income taxes that he paid last year. how much of the refund, if any, must louis include in gross income under the following independent scenarios? assume the standard deduction last year was $12,000. (leave no answer blank. enter zero if applicable.) a. last year louis claimed itemized deductions of $12,092. louis’s itemized deductions included state income taxes paid of $2,340 and no other state or local taxes.

What is private equity investing? who participates in it and why? how is palamon positioned in the industry? how does private equity investing compare with public market investing? what are the similarities and differences between the two? why is palamon interested in teamsystem? does it fit with palamon’s investment strategy? how much is 51% of teamsystem’s common equity worth? use both a discounted cash flow and a multiple-based valuation to justify your recommendation. what complexities do cross-border deals introduce? what are the specific risks of this deal? what should louis elson recommend to his partners? is it a go or not? if it is a go, what nonprice terms are important? if it’s not a go, what counterproposal would you make?