Rocky mountain races, inc., sponsors the "pioneer trail ultramarathon," with an advertised first prize of $10,000. the rules require the competitors to run 100 miles from the floor of blackwater canyon to the top of pinnacle mountain. the rules also provide that rocky reserves the right to change the terms of the race at any time. monica enters the race and is declared the winner. rocky offers her a prize of $1,000 instead of $10,000. did rocky and monica have a contract? explain.

Penny poodle wanted to know which dog obedience training program was more effective: puppy pride, the approach she has been using for any years, or doggie do-right, a new approach. penny convinced 50 human companions of untrained dogs to participate in her study. the dogs and their humans were randomly assigned to complete the puppy pride or doggie do-right course. at the end of the training programs, all of the dogs were scored on their level of obedience on a standardized dog obedience checklist (scores could range from 10 to 100). the design of this study is: