Financial leverage refers to which of the following?

a. the leverage a firm obtains from increasing production.
b. the difference between the rate of return earned on current assets and the rate of return earned on retained earnings.
c. decreasing fixed costs per unit by increasing production.
d. the difference between the rate of return earned on assets (roi) and the rate of return earned on stockholders' equity (roe).
e. none of the above.

Suppose that hubert, an economist from an am talk radio program, and kate, an economist from a nonprofit organization on the west coast, are arguing over government bailouts. the following dialogue shows an excerpt from their debate: kate: to recent financial crises, the concept of bailouts is a hot topic for debate among everyone these days. hubert: indeed, it’s gotten crazy! a government bailout of severely distressed financial firms is unnecessary because free markets will properly price assets. kate: i don’t know about that. without a bailout of severely distressed financial firms, the economy will experience a deep recession. the disagreement between these economists is most likely due todifferences in scientific judgments . despite their differences, with which proposition are two economists chosen at random most likely to agree? business managers can raise profit more easily by reducing costs than by raising revenue. central banks should focus more on maintaining low unemployment than on maintaining low inflation. employers should not be restricted from outsourcing work to foreign nations

Jewelry manufacturers produce a range of products such as rings, necklaces, bracelets, and brooches. what fundamental economic question are they addressing by offering this range of items?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the reporting of outside interests and the management of conflicts? investigators are responsible for developing their own management plans for significant financial interests. the institution must report identified financial conflicts of interest to the u.s. office of research integrity. investigators must disclose their significant financial interests related to their institutional responsibilities and not just those related to a particular project. investigators must disclose all of their financial interests regardless of whether they are related to a research project.