Auditing standards: a. outline specific rules for accounting for transactions occurring in a business enterprise for all private companies in the united states. b. represent pronouncements by any of the organizations responsible for setting auditing standards. in the u. s. these standards are set by the pcaob for public companies and broker dealers, and by the auditing standards board of the aicpa for other entities. c. are ten general guidelines to aid auditors in fulfilling their professional responsibilities and maintain professional skepticism and exercise professional judgment. d. represent the combination of the six principles and four of the statements on auditing standards (sass) that are codified in the au-c sections.

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

In which job role will you be creating e-papers, newsletters, and periodicals?

China's new 5 percent tax on disposable wooden chopsticks, reflecting concerns about deforestation, has been praised by environmentalists. the move is hitting hard at the japanese, who consume 25 billion set of wooden chopsticks annually. almost all of the chopsticks used in japan come from china. the reuirements for chinese manufacturers of wooden chopsticks to pay the 5 percent tax is a factor in their external environment.