Maria, an engineer, has an adjusted gross income of $167,000 before considering the following losses. the passive activity rules disallow the deduction for the loss in which of the following?
i. maria has a $21,000 loss from her ownership of family apartment village, a low-income housing project.
ii. maria owns and actively participates in managing a rental house across the street from east state college. this activity generates a $7,000 loss in the current year.

Helen tells her nephew, bernard, that she will pay him $100 if he will stop smoking for six months. helen was hopeful that if bernard stopped smoking for six months, he would stop altogether. bernard stops smoking for six months but then resumes his smoking. helen will not pay him. she says that the type of promise she made cannot constitute a binding contract and that, furthermore, it was at least implied that he would stop smoking for good. can bernard legally collect $100 from helen