New growth suggests that the accumulation of knowledge capital can be slowed because knowledge is both nonrival and nonexcludable. how does the federal government intervene in the market to increase the amount of knowledge capital? a. subsidies b. public education c. patents d. all of the above e. a and b only

Kumar consulting operates several stock investment portfolios that are used by firms for investment of pension plan assets. last year, one portfolio had a realized return of 12.6 percent and a beta coefficient of 1.15. the average t-bond rate was 7 percent and the realized rate of return on the s& p 500 was 12 percent. what was the portfolio's alpha?