Which of the following statements is false?
a. the cost of debt for bonds is the same as the yield implied by their market quoted prices, except when that promised yield is too high due, for example, to the high default probabilities for junk bonds.
b. the cost of preferred stock equals its dividend yield as a percent of the current price, rather than the preferred dividend as a percent of its stated liquidating value, which is usually $100.
c. judgment is typically required when estimating the cost of equity, particularly when a company pays no dividends and when its beta estimate is imprecise.
d. due to its lower priority and greater risk, a firm's cost of equity can sometimes be, and often is, less that its after-tax cost of debt.

Consumer surplus is: the difference between the price of a product and what consumers were willing to pay for the product. the difference between the discounted price of a product and its retail price. the difference between the price paid by consumers and the price required of producers. the difference between the price of a product and consumers' valuation of the last unit of the product purchased.

1tanner invested $135,000 cash along with office equipment valued at $32,400 in the company in exchange for common stock. 2 the company prepaid $7,200 cash for 12 months’ rent for office space. (hint: debit prepaid rent for $7,200.) 3 the company made credit purchases for $16,200 in office equipment and $3,240 in office supplies. payment is due within 10 days. 6 the company completed services for a client and immediately received $2,000 cash. 9 the company completed a $10,800 project for a client, who must pay within 30 days. 13 the company paid $19,440 cash to settle the account payable created on april 3. 19 the company paid $6,000 cash for the premium on a 12-month insurance policy. (hint: debit prepaid insurance for $6,000.) 22 the company received $8,640 cash as partial payment for the work completed on april 9. 25 the company completed work for another client for $2,640 on credit. 28 the company paid $6,200 cash in dividends. 29 the company purchased $1,080 of additional office supplies on credit. 30 the company paid $700 cash for this month’s utility bill. prepare general journal entries to record these transactions. 2. post the journal entries from part 1 to the ledger accounts.

Below are the steps in the measurement process of external transactions. arrange them from first (1) to last (6). event step post transactions to the general ledger. assess whether the transaction results in a debit or credit to account balances. use source documents to identify accounts affected by an external transaction. analyze the impact of the transaction on the accounting equation. prepare a trial balance. record the transaction in a journal using debits and credits.