Suppose that the u. s. government decides to charge cola consumers a tax. before the tax, 40,000 cases of cola were sold every week at a price of $5 per case. after the tax, 34,000 cases of cola are sold every week; consumers pay $6 per case (including the tax), and producers receive $2 per case. the amount of the tax on a case of cola isper case. of this amount, the burden that falls on consumers isper case, and the burden that falls on producers isper case. true or false: the effect of the tax on the quantity sold would have been smaller if the tax had been levied on producers. true / false.

The rybczynski theorem describes: (a) how commodity price changes influence real factor rewards (b) how commodity price changes influence relative factor rewards. (c) how changes in factor endowments cause changes in commodity outputs. (d) how trade leads to factor price equalization.

Amajor advantage of case studies is

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.