For each of the following, specify whether the foreign direct investment is horizontal or vertical; in addition, describe whether that investment represents an fdi inflow or outflow from the countries that mentioned.

(a) mcdonald's (a u. s. multinational) opens up and operates new restaurants in europe.
(b) total (a french oil multinational) buys ownership and exploration rights to oil fields in cameroon.
(c) volkswagen(a german multinational auto producer) opens some new dealerships in the united states.
(d) nestle (a swiss multinational producer of food and drinks) builds a new factory in bulgaria to produce kit kat chocolate bars. (kit kat bars are produced by nestle in 17 countries around the world.)

For the year ended december 31, a company has revenues of $323,000 and expenses of $199,000. the company paid $52,400 in dividends during the year. the balance in the retained earnings account before closing is $87,000. which of the following entries would be used to close the dividends account?

What is the sequence of events that could lead to trade surplus

On december 31, 2016, the decarreau, andrew, and bui partnership had the following fiscal year-end balance sheet: cash $10,000accounts receivable $20,000inventory $25,000plant assets - net $30,000loan to decarreau $18,000total assets $103,000accounts payable $14,000loan from bui $15,000decarreaua, capital (20%) $32,000andrew, capital (10%) $23,000bui, capital (70%) $19,000total liab./equity $103,000the percentages shown are the residual profit and loss sharing ratios. the partners dissolved the partnership on january 1, 2017, and began the liquidation process. during july the following events occurred: * receivables of $18,000 were collected.* all inventory was sold for $15,000.*all available cash was distributed on january 31, except for$8,000 that was set aside for contingent expenses.the book value of the partnership equity (i.e., total equity of the partners) on december 31, 2016 isa. $58,000b. $71,000c. $66,000d. $81,000