18. what is the term used for unscheduled full or partial payment of the principal amount outstanding on a loan before its due date?

Which of the following actions would be most likely to reduce potential conflicts of interest between stockholders and bondholders? a) compensating managers with stock options, b) financing risky projects with additional debt, c) the threat of hostile takeovers, d) the use of covenants in bond agreements that limit the firm's use of additional debt and constrain managers actions, e) abolishing the security and exchange commission

White company has two departments, cutting and finishing. the company uses a job-order costing system and computes a predetermined overhead rate in each department. the cutting department bases its rate on machine-hours, and the finishing department bases its rate on direct labor-hours. at the beginning of the year, the company made the following estimates: department cutting finishing direct labor-hours 6,000 30,000 machine-hours 48,000 5,000 total fixed manufacturing overhead cost $ 264,000 $ 366,000 variable manufacturing overhead per machine-hour $ 2.00 " variable manufacturing overhead per direct labor-hour " $ 4.00 required: 1. compute the predetermined overhead rate for each department. 2. the job cost sheet for job 203, which was started and completed during the year, showed the following: department cutting finishing direct labor-hours 6 20 machine-hours 80 4 direct materials $ 500 $ 310 direct labor cost $ 108 $ 360 using the predetermined overhead rates that you computed in requirement (1), compute the total manufacturing cost assigned to job 203. 3. would you expect substantially different amounts of overhead cost to be assigned to some jobs if the company used a plantwide predetermined overhead rate based on direct labor-hours, rather than using departmental rates?

San ruiz interiors provides design services to residential and commercial clients. the residential services produce a contribution margin of $450,000 and have traceable fixed operating costs of $480,000. management is studying whether to drop the residential operation. if closed, the fixed operating costs will fall by $370,000 and san ruiz’ income will