lucy needs to buy a new laptop for her business, and she buys a particular brand even though it does not support the software that is required for her business. she does this because all her family members have used computers of the same brand all their lives. this is an example of how decision makers are constrained by

Goals that are overly ambitious can discourage employees and decrease motivation, yet the idea of stretch goals is proposed as a way to get people fired up and motivated. as a manager, how might you decide where to draw the line between a “good” stretch goal and a “bad” one that is unrealistic?

You've arrived at the pecan shellers conference—your first networking opportunity. naturally, you're feeling nervous, but to avoid seeming insecure or uncertain, you've decided to a. speak a little louder than you would normally. b. talk on your cell phone as you walk around. c. hold an empowered image of yourself in your mind. d. square your shoulders before entering the room.

When paul o’neill joined alcoa as ceo, he set a , that there would be zero workplace accidents. a lot of people in the organization thought this was impossible given how dangerous some aluminum-manufacturing jobs are, but alcoa’s safety record improved tremendously. as the board of governors of the american red cross considers planning, one option is to make strategic plans and then direct managers to align tactical and operational plans accordingly. another option is to have planning specialists managers across the organization make their own plans. why might this organization’s executives opt for the latter approach? check all that apply. (a) the environment is a dynamic one, and department and frontline managers can come up with more responsive plans than can central leadership. (b)resources will be better coordinated across the organization in support of the overall strategy.(c) senior leadership will have more control over the organization’s direction. (d)when managers come up with their own plans, they are likely to be more committed to following through on them.