Suppose the federal reserve engages in open-market operations. it sells $20 billion in u. s. securities. it also raises the reserve ratio. this causes excess reserves to the money supply to and the money multiplier to

a. decrease; decrease; decrease
b. decrease; increase; increase
c. increase; increase; increase
d. increase; decrease; decrease

Omnidata uses the annualized income method to determine its quarterly federal income tax payments. it had $100,000, $50,000, and $90,000 of taxable income for the first, second, and third quarters, respectively ($240,000 in total through the first three quarters). what is omnidata's annual estimated taxable income for purposes of calculating the third quarter estimated payment?