During the 1990s, one of the dominant firms in the u. s. cigarette industry would raise prices once or twice a year by about 50 cents per carton. other firms in the industry typically raised their prices by the same amount. this is an example of:

The cost of capital: introduction the cost of capital: introduction companies issue bonds, preferred stock, and common equity to aise capital to invest in capital budgeting projects. capital is』necessary factor of production and like any other factor, it has a cost. this cost is equal to the select the applicable security. the rates of return that investors require on bonds, preferred stocks, and common equity represent the costs of those securities to the firm. companies estimate the required returns on their securities, calculate a weighted average of the costs of their different types of capital, and use this average cost for capital budgeting purposes. required return on rate: when calculating om operations when the firm's primary financial objective is to select shareholder value. to do this, companies invest in projects that earnselect their cost of capital. so, the cost of capital is often referred to as the -select -select and accruals, which a se spontaneously we hted average cost of capital wa c our concern is with capital that must be provided by select- 쑤 interest-bearing debt preferred stock and common equity. capital budgeting projects are undertaken, are not included as part of total invested capital because they do not come directly from investors. which of the following would be included in the caculation of total invested capital? choose the response that is most correct a. notes payable b. taxes payable c retained earnings d. responses a and c would be included in the calculation of total invested capital. e. none of the above would be included in the cakulation of total invested capital.

The following information relates to the pina company. date ending inventory price (end-of-year prices) index december 31, 2013 $73,700 100 december 31, 2014 100,092 114 december 31, 2015 107,856 126 december 31, 2016 123,009 131 december 31, 2017 113,288 136 use the dollar-value lifo method to compute the ending inventory for pina company for 2013 through 2017.

Differentiate between the trait, behavioral, and results-based performance appraisal systems, providing an example where each would be most applicable.