The seller of a loaded die claims that it will favor the out-come 6. we don’t believe that claim, and roll the die 200 times to test an appropriate hypothesis. our p-value turns out to be 0.03. which conclusion is appropriate? explain.

Self-interest achieve society’s economic goals because producers know which goods consumers want the most. as consumers and producers exercise their freedom to act in their own self-interest, markets will produce the desired goods at the lowest possible cost. consumers and producers both operate based on society’s economic goals. consumers know which goods can be produced at the lowest cost. there is a wide variety of desired goods and services in a market system because producers determine what to produce. consumers change their minds frequently. there is always a need to produce something new and improved. individual wants are diverse. what is produced is ultimately determined by consumers, because if the goods offered are not what consumers want, consumers will not buy them. producers, because they are driven by profits. producers, because they determine what to produce. consumers, because they participate in marketing surveys.

Which of the following statements is correct? stockholders should generally be happier than bondholders to have managers invest in risky projects with high potential returns as opposed to safe projects with lower expected returns. potential conflicts between stockholders and bondholders are increased if a firm's bonds are convertible into its common stock. takeovers are most likely to be attempted if the target firm’s stock price is above its intrinsic value. one advantage of operating a business as a corporation is that stockholders can deduct their pro rata share of the taxes the firm pays, thereby eliminating the double taxation investors would face in a partnership.

You are the manager of a large crude-oil refinery. as part of the refining process, a certain heat exchanger (operated at high temperatures and with abrasive material flowing through it) must be replaced every year. the replacement and downtime cost in the first year is $165 comma 000. this cost is expected to increase due to inflation at a rate of 7% per year for six years (i.e. until the eoy 7), at which time this particular heat exchanger will no longer be needed. if the company's cost of capital is 15% per year, how much could you afford to spend for a higher quality heat exchanger so that these annual replacement and downtime costs could be eliminated?